Clubfoot (CTEV) Diagnosis: What Every Parent Should Know

Introduction

Clubfoot diagnosis can be a worrying topic for many parents. Clubfoot, also known as congenital talipes equinovarus (CTEV), is a condition where a normal baby is born with one or both feet twisted inward or downward. Early diagnosis and treatment are essential to ensure your child can walk and play comfortably in the future. This article outlines everything you need to know about identifying and managing this condition, with guidance from a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon.

What is Clubfoot?

Clubfoot is a congenital condition affecting the structure and alignment of a baby’s foot. It occurs in about 1 in 1,000 live births worldwide. The condition may occasionally be confused with a positional clubfoot.
1. Positional Clubfoot:

• This type occurs due to the baby’s position in the womb.
• The foot is flexible and can be corrected with gentle stretching or physiotherapy.
• It will usually resolve in a few weeks without treatment

2. Congenital Clubfoot (CTEV):

• This is a structural deformity where the foot’s bones, muscles, and tendons are affected.
• It is rigid and typically requires formal treatment such as casting or surgery to correct the foot to a normal position.
• CTEV is not painful for newborns but can lead to discomfort and mobility issues if left untreated.

How to Recognise Clubfoot in Babies

Signs of clubfoot are visible at birth and, in some cases, can be detected during routine prenatal ultrasound. Common signs include:

• One or both feet turned inward or downward.
• In congenital cases, the foot feels stiff and cannot be moved into a normal position.

If you notice any of these signs, consult a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon immediately for proper evaluation and guidance

How is Clubfoot Diagnosed?

Clubfoot diagnosis is straightforward, meaning that it is diagnosed clinically. A paediatric orthopaedic surgeon will typically perform a physical examination of the foot. Early diagnosis helps determine the appropriate treatment plan, increasing the likelihood of a positive outcome.

Why Early Intervention Matters

 Regardless of the type of clubfoot, early treatment is crucial. For positional clubfoot, simple stretches or exercises may resolve the issue entirely. For congenital clubfoot, interventions such as Ponseti casting are often necessary. Untreated clubfoot can result in difficulties walking, chronic pain, and social challenges as the child grows.

Treatment Options for Clubfoot

Treatment for clubfoot is highly effective, especially when started early. Common methods include:

• Ponseti Method:
   This is the most widely used treatment. It involves gentle manipulation of the foot, followed by casting to gradually correct the position. Most children require 4-6 weeks of casting.

• Tenotomy:
   A minor procedure to release a tight Achilles tendon, often done alongside the Ponseti method.

• Bracing:
   After the foot has been corrected, braces are used to maintain the position and prevent relapse.

Living with Clubfoot

With proper treatment, most children with clubfoot can lead normal, active lives. Regular follow-ups with a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon are important to monitor progress and address any relapses promptly. Parental support and adherence to the treatment plan play a critical role in the child’s recovery.

Conclusion

Clubfoot diagnosis is not a life sentence for your child. With early detection and the right treatment, children with clubfoot can enjoy a healthy and active lifestyle. If you suspect your baby may have clubfoot, consult a paediatric orthopaedic surgeon without delay. Remember, early intervention makes all the difference.

This article aims to provide clarity and reassurance to parents navigating clubfoot diagnosis. Always seek professional advice for personalised care.